Spain is a complex and cultural mix. Although many consider themselves Spanish, there are also some that consider themselves as Catalan, Basque or Galician first.
Language
The official language in Spain is Spanish or Castilian Spanish.
At least 90% of the population speak Castilian Spanish as a first or second language. About 15% of the population also speak Catalan, 9% speak Valencian, 7% speak Galician and 2% speak Basque.
Religion & Beliefs
Spain is a predominantly Christian Roman Catholic country with approximately 94% of the population affiliated to that religion.
During the history of Spain, there have been long periods where different religious groups have coexisted, including Muslims, Jews and Christians.
Some traditions are more a cultural event rather than a religious one.
During Holy Week, processions take place when participants wear a capirote which is a pointed hat of conical form and is part of the uniform of some brotherhoods and fraternities. They walk barefoot and carry a burden which is symbolic of a penitent.
Religious history is apparent in every small town, where the most grandiose building is typically the church. In the large cities the Cathedrals are almost museums.
Family
Traditionally, the family has been the basis of the social structure, including the nuclear and the extended family, which provide both social and financial support. Although it has become less common over the past few decades for extended family to share the same home, familial ties remain a very important aspect of Spanish society. The structure and size of a traditional Spanish family has changed over time. People are living longer and having less children.
Food
Spain is a large country with many regions each having their own version of traditional cuisine. With miles of coast, it is not surprising that many dishes feature seafood.
The Spanish are particularly famed for their Paella, a recipe which is said to have its origins in Valencia which lies on the south eastern coast. The dish is rice based and includes a mixture of vegetable, meat and fish. It is seasoned with saffron and various spices.
Another favourite is the Tapas, which is an assortment of appetizers which may be hot or cold. A typical Tapas can involve: Chorizo, Patatas bravas (pieces of potato fried in oil and served in a tomato sauce), spicy lamb meat balls, deep fried calamari, grilled artichoke, aubergine.
Tortilla espanola (omelette made with potatoes and onions) is very popular throughout Spain.
Pincho is a traditional small snack similar to tapas and is particularly popular in northern Spain. It is usually eaten in bars whilst socialising with friends and family.
Meeting & Greeting
When introduced expect to shake hands.
Once a relationship is established, men may embrace and pat each other on the shoulder.
Women kiss each other and men on both cheeks, starting with the left.
Personal Space
Spanish people are open and friendly. In an informal situation whether with family close friends or virtual strangers they greet women with a kiss on each cheek.
Men have no fear of personal space with other men in an informal situation and they will often greet or say good-bye with a hug (abrazo).
Gift Giving
When invited to a home for dinner it is customary to give the host or hostess a gift: a good bottle of wine, flowers, chocolates and/or a dessert. It is especially good to ensure the gift is beautifully wrapped.
It is not advisable to give chrysanthemums, white lilies or red roses and flowers should be in odd numbers except for 13 which is seen as an unlucky number.
If the hosts of the dinner party have children it is considered good etiquette to take a small gift for them.
If receiving a gift it should be opened immediately in the presence of the giver.